kassites in the bible kassites in the bible

Mesopotamian Pottery. First mentioned in the Bible is the record of Genesis 10:8-10 which names Nimrod, the grandson of Ham, as the founder of the city in the dim prehistoric past. Both regions remained linked with the Babylonian government during the 11th and 10th century BCE, but from 850 BCE onwards they passed to the Assyrian sphere of influence (see Brinkman, 1968, pp. [52] Many small pottery kilns, generally no bigger than 2 meters in diameter with domed tops, were found in the Babylonian city of Dilbat. [2] A dynasty of Kassite origin ruled Babylonia starting with the fifteenth century BCE. Republished under the British Museum Standard Terms of Use for non-profit educational purposes. The Kassites, the ancient Near Eastern people who seized power in Babylonia following the fall of the first Babylonian Dynasty and subsequently went on to rule it for some three hundred and fifty years during the late bronze age, possessed a pantheon of gods but few are known beyond the laconic mention in the theophoric element of a name. 417 f.). Early Periods, 4. The art of the Kassite period is best known for a type of stone monument known as a kudurru ( 1985.45 ). Like the Sumeriancs, no one knows for sure where they came from. A.. "The Names of the Last Eight Kings of the Kassite Dynasty" Zeitschrift fr Assyriologie und Vorderasiatische Archologie, vol. This God held this position for many years after Kassite rule hand ended. A Harmony of the Life of Jesus - Four gospel accounts in harmony. Zamua, which was originally Lullubian (see LULUBI), had only one pertinent toponym, namely,Ban-ba-la, which may be the Kassite form of Babylon. If one judges by the onomasticon, the individuals bearing Kassite names were 7.72-5.31 percent of the general sample from Greater Media, i.e., the second group after the Iranians, whose percentage was 45.37-32.36 percent (see Zadok, 2002, pp. The copyright holder has published this content under the following license: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike. Submitted by Jan van der Crabben, published on 03 August 2011. The only Kassite deities who had temples in Kassite Babylonia were the patron deities of the royal family, uqamuna and umaliya. Agriculture was in the hands of many dutiable landowners and their agricultural workers as well as tenants. However, the river is only 175 . The Karun river runs a course of over 500 miles. Dilmun (modern Bahrain) in the Persian Gulf was ruled by a Kassite governor. Web. First mentioned in Elamite texts of the late 3rd millennium bc, they penetrated into Mesopotamia in the 2nd millennium,. 247 ff., 258 f.). The Assyrians Reception of a victorious. 283304, Armstrong, James A.. "15. NON-IRANIAN LANGUAGES (5) KASSITE. ). Iraq, vol. Maps are essential for any serious Bible study. During and after the Bronze Age Collapse Babylonia was invaded by their neighbors, the Elamites and the Assyrians. Amarna a-an-har-ra, a-an-ha-ar (from Mitanni and Alashia), Hittite a-an-ha-ra(-az), Egyptian ngr, Old Testament nr < *amara (Old Babylonian gentilic Samhar), presumably a Kassite tribe, gave its name to Babylonia while it was occupied by the Kassites (see Zadok, 1984; cf. New Testament Overview - General survey of the New Testament. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Bible Charts and Maps, PO Box 171053, Austin, TX 78717 Dr-Kurigalzu: Insights from Unpublished Iraqi Excavation Reports". There are also a number of building inscriptions, all but one written in Sumerian unlike the Akkadian typically used by the Kassites. Museum, British. Volume 1 Kardunia. Astour, Michael C. The Name of the Ninth Kassite Ruler. Journal of the American Oriental Society, vol. Krishna was the father of Abraham (Brahma). Cush here probably refers, not to Ethiopia, but to the land of the Kassites in the mountains of east of Mesopotamia. It is important to know that many of the cities of Canaan that were mentioned in the Bible have now undergone excavations. The commonly held opinion that they originated from the Zagros mountains east of Babylonia (see, e.g., Balkan, 1986, p. 8; Heinz, 1995, p. 167) is based on the assumption that their geographical distribution before they took over the Babylonian alluvium was the same as their distribution after the demise of the Kassite rule in Babylonia. G. del Monte and J. Tischler, Die Orts- und Gewssernamen der hethitischen Texte, Rpertoire Gographique des Textes Cuniformes 6, Wiesbaden, 1978. Thank you for your help! Chr. 45-52. Jahresband, 1969, pp. [39][40][41], The Babylonian and Assyrian king lists mention eight or nine early Kassite rulers whose names are not fully known and who precede the following kings. Either way, the Amarna texts (#287-290) give an excellent insight into the turmoil that was going on around the same time that Joshua marched into the land. Sassmannshausen, 1999, p. 413, n. 22). 7 f.) maintains that (1) the real owner of the country was the king, who granted land, and at least at the beginning of the Kassite period there was no land tenure outside of crown grant; (2) persons holding landed property had to perform certain duties to the king; exemption was possible only by royal decree. For less than $1 a week, you'll get devotionals, Bible study guides, thematic studies, and much more! The Babylonians were the first to form an empire that would encompass all of Mesopotamia. [3] Ancient Orient Museum, Kudurru mentioning the name of the Kassite king Kurigalzu II, from Nippur, Iraq, Ancient Orient Museum, Babylonian cuneiform tablet with a map from Nippur, Kassite period, 1550-1450 BCE, Winged centaur hunting animals. 47, 100, 102 ff., 115 ff., 122). There is good reason for thinking that the Kassites were once neighbors of Indo-Europeans, in view of some affinities between their pantheon and the Indo-Aryan one (see Bloomfield, 1904; Balkan, 1986, p. 8; Eilers, 1957-58, p. 136 ad srya-). 2, 2021, pp. 10, 1980, pp. The cities of Ashkelon and Gezer were Philistine territory that werent fully conquered by Israel. Van De Mieroop, 2003, pp. Ancient Mesopotamian literature developed c. 2600 BCE after scribes Studies in Eastern History; Vol. del Monte and Tischler, 1978, p. 344; Belmonte Marn, 2001, pp. Why Did Christ Ride a Donkey on His Triumphant Entry? Their Akkadian name Ka originates from a Kassite form *G/Kal- (cf. Where Archaeology Meets The Bible: Kassite Peri Where Archaeology Meets The Bible: Middle Babylonian Period [1000 - 625 BCE] | Dust Off The Bible. ; Cancik-Kirschbaum, 1996, no. Corrections? The texts from the Kassite Period (1600-1160 BCE) start to overlap with the biblical texts of the Old Testament because at this point most nations already had developed a written language and new technologies allowed for communications to now be written down and passed along to others. The chariot and the horse, which the Kassites worshipped, first came into use in Babylonia at this time. However, P. Huber (1999-2000) rejects the astronomical evidence adduced by Gurzadyan (in Gasche et al., 1998, pp. and ruled the area for 576 years. Kassite, member of an ancient people known primarily for establishing the second, or middle, Babylonian dynasty; they were believed (perhaps wrongly) to have originated in the Zagros Mountains of Iran. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. 04 Mar 2023. J. Boese, Burnaburia II, Meliipak und die mittelbabylonische Chronologie, Ugarit Forschungen 14, 1982, pp. [20] Other important centers during the Kassite period were Larsa, Sippar and Susa. 2 And in the eleventh year of Zedekiah, in the fourth month, the ninth day of the month, the city was broken up. 93, no. ''Elamites and Kassites in the Persian Gulf'', Journal of Near Eastern Studies, LXV/2, 111-119.Richardson, S. (2005). 351-58. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. During this time, in the 1300s bce, Assyria broke away from Babylonia. B. Landsberger, Assyrische Knigsliste und dunkles Zeitalter, Journal of Cuneiform Studies 8, 1954, pp. One interesting aspect of these letters is that they are written in Akkadian cuneiform and not Egyptian. [21] At the site of Isin, which had been abandoned after the time of Samsu-iluna, major rebuilding work occurred on the religious district including the temple of Gula. Babylonia under the Sealand and Kassite Dynasties, edited by Susanne Paulus and Tim Clayden, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 2020, pp. Altorientalische Forschungen (in German) (30): 372381. Ancient Orient Museum, Lapis Lazuli fragment with building inscriptions, Kassite, from Iraq. M. Heinz, Migration und Assimilation im 2. 165-74. KASSITES, a people who probably originated in the Zagros and who ruled Babylonia in the 16th-12th centuries BCE. 1360 to 1220 BCE. Gezer has been captured; The Kassites took refuge in the mountains but were brought down and resettled, in standard Assyrian practice, in Hardispi and Bit Kubatti, which were made part of the Arrapha district. Hittite, member of an ancient Indo-European people who appeared in Anatolia at the beginning of the 2nd millennium bce; by 1340 bce they had become one of the dominant powers of the Middle East. It's . The horse, the sacred animal of the Kassites, probably first came into use in Babylonia at this time. K. Nashef, Die Orts- und Gewssernamen der mittelbabylonischen und mittelassyrischen Zeit, Rpertoire Gographique des Textes Cuniformes 5, Wiesbaden, 1982. Historians and scholars claim that their rule was the longest in the history of ancient Babylon. Ashkelon has been overcome; Radical changes took place in the military organization as well (see Sassmannshausen, 2001, p. 181). ; Nashef, 1982, pp. Following Hammurabi, the Kassites took over Elam and reigned till around . The demise of the Kassite dynasty was caused mainly by external factors. 131 f.). Before entering Mesopotamia they were illiterate mountain people speaking a language that is not known today. 93-111, Schulman, Alan R. Diplomatic Marriage in the Egyptian New Kingdom. Journal of Near Eastern Studies, vol. This capital, which was located in the far north of Babylonia, included a big palace and a temple with a high tower of the ziggurat type. 1-44, van Koppen, Frans. Learn facts that you cant learn just from reading the Bible This region became increasingly unsafe, especially during the reign of Samsuditana, the last ruler of the Hammurabi dynasty. It is believed that in the ancient city existed the legendary "Hanging Gardens of Babylon," which were terraced gardens of celestial beauty that were maintained by an automated watering mechanism. Mesopotamian History and The first-millennium Babylonian King Lists assign the Kassite dynasty the longest rule of all the other dynasties who ruled Babylonia: 36 kings who ruled for 576 years and nine months. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. When did the Kassites take over the Babylonian Empire? The Kassites kings pursued a policy of dynastic marriages with rulers of the other contemporary Near Eastern powers, namely, Elam (from the reign of Burnaburia II onwards until that of Meli-hu; see van Dijk, 1986, pp. By the 14th century BCE, the Kassites controlled the whole of Babylonia, including the Diyala region. The Kassites retained power for about four hundred years (until 1155 BC). After the Hittites' surgeon Babylon, the Kassites, coming from the North, North-East, settled in Babylon and founded their dynasty by Agum. After this point, the Kassites had faded into obscurity. It is thought that the Kassites originated as tribal groups in the Zagros Mountains to the north-east of Babylonia. This governor seems to have enjoyed a special, apparently privileged, status among the other provincial governors (Sassmannshausen tends to compare his role to that of a chief minister of the state: Kanzler). The world of the Bible is knowable. 45363, Koppen, Frans van. Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. . Babylonia under the Kassites 1, edited by Alexa Bartelmus and Katja Sternitzke, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 2017, pp. The Kassites influenced Babylonian culture after they took over the city-state. The opening of Joshua, chapter 10, describes the King of Jerusalem being afraid because of the capturing of Ai and Jericho by Joshua during battle. World History Foundation is a non-profit organization registered in Canada. What Are The Names of the Thieves Crucified With Christ. Kassite, member of an ancient people known primarily for establishing the second, or middle, Babylonian dynasty; they were believed (perhaps wrongly) to have Where did the Hittites live in ancient Anatolia? The temple gave people loans, possibly in return for labor, which may have led to a situation of indebtedness. A. Armstrong, S. W. Cole, and V. G. Gurzadyan, Dating the Fall of Babylon: A Reappraisal of Second-Millennium Chronology (a Joint Ghent-Chicago-Harvard Project), Mesopotamian History and Environment 2: Memoirs 4. A. [22] After the Kassite dynasty was overthrown in 1155 BC, the system of provincial administration continued and the country remained united under the succeeding rule, the Second Dynasty of Isin.[23].