2 Winter 2014, Intersecting Interests: Gender, Race and Congressional Attention to Womens Issues, RETHINKING WOMEN'S SUBSTANTIVE REPRESENTATION. Equality of opportunity. 2. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. This leaves lasting impacts, not only emotionally, but mentally and psychologically as well. 1. How Do Parliamentarians Define Descriptive Representation? The three worlds of welfare capitalism. that is one example, One of their most vital discoveries was that distinction in wrongdoing rates crosswise over territories did not change with changes in the populace yet remained steady crosswise over time. In this way, it couldn't just be that distinctive individuals lived in the high-wrongdoing territories than in the low-wrongdoing zones. Descriptive research is a form of research that relies on a variety of different techniques to organize information. Reliance on analytical thinki ng. It is an Efficient Form of Government. The Pros and Cons of Pros-and-Cons Lists - Harvard Business Review Stetson, D., & Mazur, A. G. (1995). The NWPC was formed by Bella Abzug, Gloria Steinem, Shirley Chisholm, and other leading feminists to encourage womens participation in political parties, elect women to office, and raise money for their campaigns. Habermas, J. New York: Colombia University Press. Bicameral Legislature Pros and Cons List | NYLN.org This law-making body is generally controlled by the laws and governed by the state constitution. Norsk Statsvitenskaplig Tidsskrift, 13(3). Descriptivists allow for change and are willing to forgo some rules to fit current norms. (1999). Weak coalition government: Proportional representation results in a weak and indecisive coalition government since every party wants to act in their best interest or get their own way with things. Struggles to expand the breadth of political and civil rights in the United States have been critical to fostering greater inclusion and equality for racial/ethnic minorities in America. Namely, the institutional design of the state legislature matters in terms of electoral responsiveness, with Florida and New Mexico the most responsive, and New York and the U.S. House the least responsive to the election of Latino legislators. Proportional Representation License Terms: Download for free at http://cnx.org/contents/9e28f580-0d1b-4d72-8795-c48329947ac2@1. For librarians and administrators, your personal account also provides access to institutional account management. CrossRef Because it relies on such a range of different methods, it is considered a holistic approach to a subject. 518). Ltd. All Rights Reserved. Register or login to make commenting easier. Tests: The Material and Tangible Effects of Descriptive Representation. Representation: It ensures all the interests and views of the public are represented in the government. You might also like. Morone, J. tees, and voters weigh the pros and cons of descriptive representation, this analysis argues for attention to the specific historical contexts that make descrip- Descriptive representation should be judged primarily on this criterion. The Pros And Cons Of Disney's "The Princess And The Frog" It is also known as the linear sequential model. Mink had been interested in fighting discrimination in education since her youth, when she opposed racial segregation in campus housing while a student at the University of Nebraska. On the negative side, descriptive research can sometimes be skewed to fit the needs of the researcher. The Costs and Benefits of Descriptive Representation: Womens Quotas, Variations in State Feminism and the Fact of Reasonable Pluralism. It evaluates empirical evidence on the impact of race, gender, and ethnicity on the behavior of legislators. This article examines theoretical expectations on the importance of descriptive representation. One of the biggest advantages of descriptive research is that it allows you to analyze facts and helps you in developing an in-depth understanding of the research problem. And bear in mind that representatives act on behalf of groups not directly included in decision-making so we should also focus on the representation of interests (though this is much harder to do than simply counting, of course). Discrimination has not fallen short in any way and continues to build barriers for many people of color. The procedures involved with experimental research make it possible to isolate specific variables within virtually any topic. References. Tables can be useful if trying to. The tyranny of the majority: Fundamental fairness in representative democracy. Another argument in favor of descriptive research is that once information is assembled, there are many ways to apply it. When it comes to confidentiality, some respondents won't give answers to questionnaires and interviews. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. to the people they represent. The collection of data is quick and easy to conduct, especially when doing surveys. 4. Individuals may not be voting on individual issues within a representative democracy, but they can still have their opinions heard. Inspection; Surface Mount; Test; Through-Hole; Menu Advantages and disadvantages of descriptive research. What Are the Advantages and Disadvantages of Organizing Data With The closer assessment of pros and cons will. systems than the old and traditional ones (Tawil, 2002). Descriptive Representation : Brief Description. Implicit Standards for Evaluating Representatives . Arena Centre for European Studies, University of Oslo, Sognsveien 68, 0855, Oslo, Norway, You can also search for this author in (1999). Beyond bodies: Institutional sources of representation for women in democratic policy-making. The electoral advantage of the incumbents presents a stumbling block on the advancement of new groups into the institution. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. Perhaps the strongest argument for descriptive research is the fact that it offers well-rounded support for a Applicable. Do not use an Oxford Academic personal account. PubMedGoogle Scholar, Uni Research Rokkan Centre, Bergen, Norway, Centre for Womens and Gender Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway, Department of Comparative Politics, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway, Department of Information Science and Media Studies, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway, Holst, C. (2016). However, what good representation should be is debated. Like Mink, many other women sought and won political office, many with the help of the NWPC. In the wake of the Civil Rights Movement, African American representatives also began to enter Congress in increasing numbers. The safest position would be to say that results are "mixed . Copyright 2020 Chemtech Speciality India Pvt. Sound bars have many pros, and they're the right choice for most people: Sound is still way better than integrated speakers. 6. Democracy and the new separation of powers. Today, EMILYs List, a PAC founded in 1985 to help elect pro-choice Democratic women to office, plays a major role in fundraising for female candidates. Women and Public Policy Program | Harvard Kennedy School When determining whether or not legislators are representing their constituents interests, scholars using voting studies may overstate the role of strategic factors, such as reelection goals and constituent influence, while understating the effect of descriptive characteristics. African Americans made up the largest percentage, with forty-eight members, while Latinos accounted for thirty-two members, up from nineteen just over a decade before. There are many different types of data presentation. Click the account icon in the top right to: Oxford Academic is home to a wide variety of products. Prescriptive and descriptive theorists differ on their approach to instruction. It is always recommended to visit an institution's official website for more information. Pros. However, they also have some cons, such as low sound quality and low battery life. People still have a voice. 12 Proportional Representation Pros and Cons - Vittana.org We use cookies and similar technologies to ensure our website works properly, personalize your browsing experience, analyze how you use our website, and deliver relevant ads to you. The limitation that comes with statistics is that it can't allow you to make any sort of conclusions beyond the . Ultimately, whether or not bone conduction headphones are . (1998). 1938). Pros and Cons of Descriptive Research. Cornell, D. (1995). Roemer, J. Thirdly and lastly, I will outline the implications that descriptive and substantive representation have on MEM representatives and voters, and the lessons learnt from studying Ngo as a MEM political representative. Lovenduski, J. To save this article to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. She went to law school after being denied admission to medical school because of her gender. Showing Comparison with Pros and Cons PowerPoint Diagrams Welfare state and woman power: Essays in state feminism. Both descriptive and inferential statistics help make sense out of row after row of data! Society member access to a journal is achieved in one of the following ways: Many societies offer single sign-on between the society website and Oxford Academic. Using an analytical tool such as a pros-and-cons list emphasizes the objective, "just the facts" side of decision making. Does Grading Matter In College? - TheBestSchools.org Horizontal Communication Grofman, B. In some cases, representation can seem to have very little to do with the substantive issues representatives in Congress tend to debate. While Congress is dominantly a male, white institution, the creation of majority-minority districts in the early 1990s resulted in the election of African-Americans and Hispanics to Congress. Such comparative analysis helps for quick understanding and attention. European Sociological Review, 20(1), 111. Subject materials can be evaluated with greater detail. Disadvantages include the technical precision, time and funding resources necessary to create tables and graphs. Descriptive and Inferential Statistics: How to Analyze Your Data I'm not sure what the pros and cons are of labelling all or only some such statistics as inferential. Descriptive representation is a representation in which representatives have similar backgrounds to the people they represent. They may sometimes also include analytic work (comparing factors "" see below). Pros & Cons of Descriptive Research - Career Trend A main aspect of marginalization. This at times has started a great racial tension which has been negative but, shows some of the true colors of American which I feel is greatly needed. Since 1992, the U.S. Congress has experienced dramatic change in the demographic makeup of its membership. Young, I. M. (2000). Engelstad, F., & Teigen, M. (2012). Democratic legitimacy. Instead, proper representation for some is rooted in the racial, ethnic, socioeconomic, gender, and sexual identity of the representatives themselves. What is Descriptive Analysis?- Types and Advantages - Analytics Steps (2012). Shibboleth / Open Athens technology is used to provide single sign-on between your institutions website and Oxford Academic. Get Access. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. By conducting research and engaging with faculty and students at Harvard Kennedy School and beyond, the fellows enrich the intellectual life of the center. It is an Efficient Form of Government. In the end, there is however a set of remaining pro arguments suggesting that descriptive representation produces some exclusive benefits. Companies can collect data first-hand based on stats and unbiased information. Minorities have endured many forms of social injustices. Of course, descriptive representation is not logically necessary to promote minority interests. Gutmann, A., & Thompson, D. (1996). In N. Fraser & A. Honneth (Eds. Studies of the representation of minority interests in the era following the enactment Yet, demographically speaking, Congress as a whole is still a long way from where the country is and remains largely white, male, and wealthy. Access to content on Oxford Academic is often provided through institutional subscriptions and purchases. What are the advantages and disadvantages of the the different types of