19. Its optimal growth temperature is 50C, but it can also survive at much higher temperatures. ruled out continue with routine identification major characteristics of bacillus anthracis gram stain morphology large gram positive rods spores may be . "Bacillus Subtilis." Bacillus subtilis morphology describes rod-shaped, Gram-positive bacteria that show up on both positive and negative Gram stain techniques. (Bryan MacDonald, Christopher Adams, and Kyle Smith, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT), Figure 12: Unknown isolate morphology (Enlarged view). 35. Weakly umbonate elevation. Streptococcus pneumoniae cultivated on 5% sheep blood agar and showing beta-hemolysis. Biotechnol. A high microbial density was observed at low NaCl concentration. . (Bryan MacDonald, Christopher Adams, and Kyle Smith, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT), Figure 37: Streptomyces albus morphology (Enlarged view). Bacitracin is composed of a mixture of the cyclic polypeptides that B. licheniformis produces; ironically the purpose of Bacitracin is to inhibit the growth of B. licheniformis. FIG. Streak plate isolation of Serratia marcescens on trypticase soy agar (TSA) incubated at 37oC for 24 hours then at room temperature for 24 hours to allow for temperature-sensitive pigment production. A bacterial rod is a symmetrical cylinder with rounded ends. Subtilin tends to work more effectively against Gram-negative bacteria and fungi. Irregular form, undulate margin. (Bryan MacDonald, Christopher Adams, and Kyle Smith, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT), Figure 4: Corynebacterium xerosis morphology (Enlarged view). Unknown isolate cultivated on trypticase soy agar. FIG. The sample was obtained from a floor swab and incubated at 37C for 48 hours. (1973) The genus Bacillus . Optimal growth of B. licheniformis occurs around 50C, but the organism can survive at much higher/lower temperatures for extended periods because it is spore-forming. Epub 2006 Aug 25. The surface of B. licheniformis colonies are often rough and wrinkled, with "licheniform", or hair-like growths. The compound 2-phenylethanol (2-PE) is a bulk flavor and fragrance with a rose-like aroma that can be produced by microbial cell factories, but its cellular toxicity inhibits cellular growth and limits strain performance. Previous studies had found that B. licheniformis could produce a variety of biologically active substances, such as digestive enzymes, lysozyme, bacteriocin, and antibacterial peptides, which promote animal performance by improving feed digestibility, stimulating the development of immune system, enhancing intestinal mucosal barrier function, 15. This is desired because it is cheap and nutritious. 1999 October; 65(10): 46374645. However, when paired with another bacteria called Pseudomonas aeruginosa both types of bacteria perform more efficiently. 4959. (Richard A. Robison, Gable Moffitt, Neal Thomson, and Marissa Cohen, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT), Figure 21: Unknown isolate morphology (Enlarged view). 12. In this study, culture conditions were optimized for Bacillus sp. Appl Environ Microbiol. 49. 11. Bacillus aryabhattai strain B8W22 16S ribosomal RNA gene, partial . Streak plate isolation of Mycobacterium smegmatis on trypticase soy agar (TSA) incubated for 96 hours at 37oC. (Bryan MacDonald, Christopher Adams, and Kyle Smith, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT), Figure 24: Bacillus subtilis morphology (Enlarged view). Bacteriocins from B. subtilis include the lanthionine-containing peptide antibiotic (lantibiotic peptide) called subtilin and an antibiotic called subtilosin. [11], Subtilisin Carlsberg, a serine protease secreted by B. licheniformis, is used in laundry detergent formulations due to its ability to perform at high pH levels (optimal activity is between 8.0 and 10.0) and high temperatures (40-50 Celsius). Contamination with this bacterium will make the bread sticky and stringy; the ropy bread will also start to develop a strong odor after contamination. Mucoid strain of Streptococcus pneumoniae cultivated on sheep blood agar. Tamari G. Biology. Spores occur in soil, on bird feathers and in ground dwelling birds and aquatic species; comprise the subtilis group, which has been associated with food-borne gastro-enteritis. J Bacteriol. FIG. Positive results for arginine dihydrolase, hydrolysis of esculin, beta-galactosidase. FIG. FIG. One isolate matched Bacillus panaciterrae which has not previously been described as a hot-spring isolate. (Tasha Sturm and Marina Sturm, Cabrillo College, Aptos, CA), Figure 54: Unknown Organism Exhibiting Rhizoid Growth. B. licheniformis and L. bulgaricus, increased the ileal digestibility of amino acids, protein, and starch and the total tract digestibility of DM and OM. FIG. -Amylase from Bacillus licheniformis , lipase from porcine pancreas, proteinase from Tritirachium album, -chymotrypsin from porcine pancreas . Bacillus subtilis is a Gram-positive, rod-shaped bacterium that is the type species of the genus Bacillus, commonly used as a model organism to describe the structure of different species of the genus. Generally, most bacilli are predominantly aerobic; however, B. licheniformis is a facultative anaerobe compared to . Picture Source: eurekabrewing.files.wordpress.com. Gram-positive bacilli are rod-shaped, spore-producing species that can survive in extremely harsh environments for long periods. It can exist in a dormant spore form to resist harsh environments, or in a vegetative state when conditions are good. Washington, DC 20036, 2023. It has a variety of uses including commercial processes. Isolation of Low-Molecular-Weight Fragments from the Soluble Mucopeptide. Biochemical Journal 106.1 1968. Bacillus subtilis PspoIIA-gfp viewed at low magnification. [5]. METABOLIC PROPERTIES (D. Barrie Johnson, University of Wales, UK), Figure 33: Mycobacterium smegmatis morphology (Enlarged view). They can grow as a white patch with a glossy surface. FIG. 2006 Nov;188(21):7500-11. The Bacillus subtilis strain showed various colony growth patterns on the agar plate. The bacterium was subcultured by cutting a chunk of the agar containing the organism and placing it in the middle of a TSA plate then incubating for 1 week at 37 C. Scientists at Newcastle University have been researching how the organism's ability to release an enzyme that breaks down external DNA may aid in breakdown of dental biofilms, or plaque. The initial sample was obtained from a swab taken from the bottom of a shoe and incubated at 37 C for 48 hours. Bacillus amyloliquefaciens is a ubiquitous soil and plant-associated bacterial species which shows structural and adaptative responses to the environment. 13. FIG. A wide diversity of physiological abilities is exhibited, ranging from psychrophilic to thermophilic, and acidophilic to alkaliphilic; some strains are salt tolerant and some are halophilic. (Tasha Sturm, Cabrillo College, Aptos, CA), Figure 57: An unknown airborne environmental isolate on Mueller-Hinton agar. this information and the choices you have about how we use such information. [6] Colonies tend to be cream-colored, but will turn red in the presence of iron in media, most likely as a result of pulcherrimin. Pulvinate elevation. Small to medium-sized, semi-transparent, flat colonies. This protease is a desired ingredient in laundry detergent due to its ability to be used in low temperatures, which prevents shrinkage and fading colors. (Tasha L. Sturm, Cabrillo College, Aptos, CA), Figure 48: Colonial morphology of Escherichia coli and Micrococcus luteus. Bacillus licheniformis is a nonpathogenic soil organism. B. licheniformis exhibits antimicrobial activity against both Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. [6][9] B. licheniformis is found in a wide variety of environments, but especially in soil and in the feathers of birds, where B. licheniformis degrades -keratin. It is sold under the name Alcalase by Novozymes. It may have a putative impact on protease production and serve as target for strain improvement.[4]. The culture was grown on trypticase soy agar (TSA) and incubated for 72 hours at 37oC. Proteases are often included in detergents, and amylases in the desizing of textiles and sizing of papers. FIG. (Bryan MacDonald, Christopher Adams, and Kyle Smith, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT), Figure 2: Staphylococcus aureus morphology (Enlarged view). This bacterium can survive harsh environments by turning into spore-form; when conditions are good, it will turn back into a vegetative state. 2004;5(10):R77. Lab tests have confirmed the enzyme's ability to break up and remove bacteria present in plaque, and thus prevent the build up of plaque. 14. (Richard A. Robison, Gable Moffitt, Neal Thomson, and Marissa Cohen, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT), Figure 9: Streptococcus pneumoniae morphology (Enlarged view). New York, Academic Press. In the present study, CotA laccase was cloned from Bacillus licheniformis ZOM-1 and expressed in Escherichia coli. FIG. Pathogenesis The virulence factors of B anthracis are its capsule and three-component toxin, both encoded on plasmids. [12] Amylases are also synthesized by B. licheniformis and used for industrial purposes. Since it can grow in alkaline conditions, it produces a protease that can survive at high pH levels. Information on morphological and physiological properties Morphology [Ref. In this study, four strains were already isolated and selected previously (D1, D2, X1, and X2) with high probiotic potential. Unknown isolates cultivated on trypticase soy agar. They include the following: Image 11: A colony of yeast on the agar plate. Statistical analysis with canonical variates gave four well-separated groups, which represented the four species. (1) Pepe O., Blaiotta G., Moschetti G., Greco T., Villani F. (2) Pereira R., Martins J., Mateus C., Teixeira J. Complete genome sequence of the industrial bacterium Bacillus licheniformis and comparisons with closely related Bacillus species. 10 cards. You can see Bacillus subtilis listed on the label of many probiotics, too. (4). 21. Bacillus licheniformis is a common cause. 40. I realize that the strains causing these problems were wild strains, not strains studied to be probiotics. The results of this carbohydrate fermentation test read A. AG, AG, K B . milk pasteurization. Rough colony morphology of wild-type Mycobacterium smegmatis (left side); themutant phenotype (right side) is smooth and translucent when observed in front of direct light. 54. Filamentous form, weakly undulate margin. A. and Vicente A. 24. B. licheniformis is also an important ingredient in laundry detergent. Two colonies of Bacillus licheniformis cultivated on 5% sheep blood agar. It is an apathogenic soil organism that is mostly associated with plant and plant materials in nature. (Richard A. Robison, Gable Moffitt, Neal Thomson, and Marissa Cohen, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT), Figure 31: Thiomonas-like bacteria morphology (Enlarged view). Probiotics are considered living microorganisms that help preserve the health of the host who uses them. B. licheniformis is naturally competent for genetic transformation. Sequencing of the 16S rDNA of the isolates followed by BLAST search revealed that nine strains could be identified as<i> Bacillus licheniformis</i> and one . : #22892] Gram stain: positive [Ref. Bacteria grow as colonies on solid media. Lactobacillus plantarum cultivated on lactobacillus agar. Currently there are many electrical techniques for food processing, one such example is Ohmic heating. Strictly aerobic. As a group, this bacteria is observed as jagged branches of opaque white or pale yellow fuzz. (Bryan MacDonald, Christopher Adams, and Kyle Smith, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT), Figure 13: Unknown isolate morphology (Enlarged view). Serratia marcescens colonial morphology. Bacillus subtilis PspoIIA-gfp viewed at low magnification. (Tasha L. Sturm, Cabrillo College, Aptos, CA), Figure 49: Bacillus cereus colonial morphology. (3) Rey M.W., Ramaiya P., Nelson B.A., Brody-Karpin S.D., Zaretsky E.J., Tang M., Lopez de Leon A., Xiang H., Gusti V., Clausen I.G., Olsen P.B., Rasmussen M.D., Andersen J.T., Jorgensen P.L., Larsen T.S., Sorokin A., Bolotin A., Lapidus A., Galleron N., Ehrlich S.D., Berka R.M. Circular form. Bacillus megaterium at 37. Curtis, A. (Bryan MacDonald, Christopher Adams, and Kyle Smith, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT), Figure 46: Streak plate isolation of Mycobacterium smegmatis on trypticase soy agar. The Bacillus is a heterogenous genera of bacteria with species that contain enormous antimicrobial compounds that act as agent of fighting several microbial diseases 8. It is a visible mass of microorganism that originates from a single mother cell. There is also research about the possibility that B. licheniformis causes changes in color in birds' feathers; this will provide information on the evolution of molting. However, the most interesting of this bacterias potential uses is as an antimicrobial drug alternative. Caused . The desirable properties of this protease are its prevention of clothes shrinkage and fading colors due to its capability to be used at lower temperatures. Irregular form, undulate margin. Bacillus licheniformis 16S rDNA [1] 50. FIG. FIG. The Gram stain, named after its developer Hans Christian Gram, is a method of morphologic identification. [3] A small antisense RNA against Subtilisin Carlsberg named BLi_r0872 was discovered in an RNA-seq based study. Although B. licheniformis often occurs in high numbers in these foods, it's presence is not usually regulated in contrast to B. cereus, which is credited with most food poisoning incidents by the Bacillus species. Bergeys Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, Volume 3: The, Hoyles L., Honda H., Logan N.A., Halket G., La Ragione R., McCartney A.L., 2012. The image below shows how Gram-positive bacteria have a much thicker peptidoglycan layer (in purple). Note the rough texture of colonies characteristic of this organism. Feathers contain high amounts of non-digestible proteins, but researchers hope that, through fermentation with B. licheniformis, they can use waste feathers to produce cheap and nutritious feather meal to feed livestock. Based on colony morphology, microscopic observations, and cultural, biochemical, and physiological properties, the bacterium was given the name Bacillus spp., Alcaligenes spp., Erwinia spp., Serratia spp., or Pseudomonas spp. Gordon R.E., Haynes W.C., Pang C.H. These results have contributed to new biodegradation techniques for sewage and wastewater treatment, helping to develop a process known as bioaugmentation. This text tells us that up to 5% of the B. subtilis genome is dedicated to the production of antimicrobial compounds (AMCs). ", Biologydictionary.net Editors. TProbiotic dietary supplements are cheap to manufacture and do not require refrigeration when packaged in the form of spores. Pulvinate elevation. In addition to the oxidative degradation of zearalenone (ZEN) and aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), CotA laccase also has the ability to degrade the Alternaria toxin alternariol (AOH). Its optimal temperature for enzyme secretion is 37C. Umbonate elevation. Bacillus myoides at 22. The initial sample was obtained from a swab taken from the bottom of a shoe and incubated at 37 C for 48 hours. The genus Bacillus covered a great diversity of strains and some of them are strictly aerobic, while others are facultative anaerobic. Partial isolate of an unknown organism on trypticase soy agar exhibiting spreading and an irregular-rhizoid form with lobate margins. Like all members of the genus Bacillus, B. subtilis is a rod-shaped bacterium that typically forms small clumps, short chains, or single cells. morphology is variable, and may give the appearance of a mixed culture. FIG. Wastewater must have its pH normalized, have lower chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total suspended solids (TSS) concentrations, and be free of excess chloride. sparrows)and on the water (i.e. Find out more here. Colony morphology of an organism is necessary for its identification. 38. 47. Serratia marcescens cultivated on Columbia agar. Privacy Policy sets forth the information we collect about you, how we use [5][6] It was initially named Clostridium licheniforme by H. Weigmann[7] and renamed Bacillus licheniformis by Frederick D. Unlike other bacilli which are predominately aerobic, B. licheniformis is a facultative anaerobe, which explains it's ability to grow in additional ecological niches and environments. Bacitracin lyses the proplasts of B. licheniformis in the presence of cadmium or zinc ions. around the bird's chest area and back plumage. B. licheniformis can also cause food-borne gastro-enteritis, which is infection of the gut that can lead to a life threatening condition called septicaemia. Streptomyces albus cultivated on nutrient agar. The toxins produced by B. licheniformis can cause damage to cell membranes, deplete cellular ATP, and cause the acrosome to swell; it is not found to have any damaging effects on the mitochondria. (8). Isolation of an unknown bacterium on trypticase soy agar (TSA) exhibiting spreading and rhizoid growth. It is also a facultative anaerobe. Your email address will not be published. Although it is most common to isolate this bacterium from is soil, it is believed that B. licheniformis can actually be isolated from practically anywhere since it produces highly resistant endospores that are spread around with dust. The plasmid system according to claim 1, which enables a Bacillus strain to fluoresce after the plasmid has . The rod shape also helps bacteria glide or move through watery environments and provides regular building block shapes that make biofilm formation easier. Another use of B. subtilis is in wastewater treatment. B. licheniformis produces a protease that can survive at high pH levels. FIG. Independent.ie. FIG. Rey M.W., Ramaiya P., Nelson B.A., Brody-Karpin S.D., Zaretsky E.J., Tang M., Lopez de Leon A., Xiang H., Gusti V., Clausen I.G., Olsen P.B., Rasmussen M.D., Andersen J.T., Jorgensen P.L., Larsen T.S., Sorokin A., Bolotin A., Lapidus A., Galleron N., Ehrlich S.D., Berka R.M. A green discoloration on blood agar may appear. When grown on common nutrients, it forms a round, milky, rough, yellowish, or translucent colony with jagged edges. The genera Bacillus and Clostridium constitute the family Bacillaceae. Lancaster (PA), DEStech Publications. Basic elements you can identify in a colony morphology include the following: Image 1: The image shows the colony morphology of bacteria. 6. It is also often found on feathers of ground-dwelling and aquatic species of birds. Unknown isolate cultivated on trypticase soy agar. Pseudomonas aeruginosa cultivated on trypticase soy agar. This is typical of S. pneumoniae grown anaerobically. Cotyledonary necrosis and suppurative inflammation occur with fetal infection resulting from fetal bacteremia or ingestion of contaminated amniotic fluid. 4959. (Bryan MacDonald, Christopher Adams, and Kyle Smith, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT), Figure 29: Unknown isolate morphology (Enlarged view). (3). Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus pumilus are some of the strains that are associated with food spoilage and with a wide range of different clinical conditions (Turnbull, 1997). Bacillus licheniformis is a bacterium commonly found in the soil. B. cereus food poisoning may occur when foods are prepared . Kurthia sp. Gram-positive, straight or slightly curved rods, 1.5-3.0 x 0.6-0.8 m in diameter, Aerobic, facultatively anaerobic. | Privacy Policy, Terms of Use and State Disclosures. (Bryan MacDonald, Christopher Adams, and Kyle Smith, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT), Figure 30: Bacillus licheniformis morphology (Enlarged view). Close-up view of the edges of an unknown bacterium on trypticase soy agar (TSA) exhibiting spreading and rhizoid growth. This rigidity helps to maintain the rod shape of the cell and can withstand high intracellular pressure. Arshine Questions and Answers about Bacillus Licheniformis.docx . "Complete genome sequence of the industrial bacterium Bacillus licheniformis and comparisons with closely related Bacillus species." A fluorescence reporter plasmid system for enabling a Bacillus strain to fluoresce, wherein the Bacillus strain fluoresces in its dormant endospore state and/or in its metabolically active vegetative state, and wherein the plasmid system is designed to function extra-chromosomally. Five distinct stages of cell and colony morphology were observed from the visible colony edge to the center of the plate. 5. FIG. FIG. Death kinetics, in this case, involves the intensity of heat treatments and their correlation with the rate of death of a bacterium. 2006 May. 9. Genome Biol. A bacterial rod is a symmetrical cylinder with rounded ends. B. licheniformis can also give more information about the evolution of molting and patterns of color in birds due to its feather degrading capability. It is also often found on feathers of ground-dwelling and aquatic species of birds. IDENTIFICATION AND TAXONOMY A. Overview Bacillus licheniformis is a ubiquitous bacterium thought to be of importance in the environment as a contributor to nutrient Note the rough and dry texture characteristic of this organism's growth. Weakly umbonate elevation. Bacillus globigii at 37. FIG. FIG. These have an onset time of 2-14 hours and last no longer than 36 hours. It fortunately does not have any detrimental effects on endangered species. cultivated on trypticase soy agar. Bacillus anthracis. Circular form. (5) Snoke J.E. It is found primarily in soil and on birds that spend a majority of their time near the soil. "Complete genome sequence of the industrial bacterium Bacillus licheniformis and comparisons with closely related Bacillus species." (Tasha Sturm, Cabrillo College, Aptos, CA), Figure 56: Close-up View of the Edges of an Unknown Bacterium on Trypticase Soy Agar. This protease is an active ingredient in laundry detergents, removing protein-comprised dirt in clothes. Iron-oxidizing Thiomonas-like bacteria isolated from mine waters. Our website services, content, and products are for informational purposes only. 1 A). Researchers are trying to turn bird feathers into a nutritious livestock feed by fermenting non-digestable proteins on bird feathers with B. licheniformis. Wilkinson, T. (4 July 4 2012). Kurthia sp. (Bryan MacDonald, Christopher Adams, andKyle Smith, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT), Figure 5: Sinorhizobium meliloti morphology (Enlarged view). It is a gram-positive, mesophilic bacterium. Among the 19 bacterial isolates only five bacterial strains showed plant growth promoting activity. Bacillus subtilis bacteriocins can affect a much wider range of potentially pathogenic bacteria than the bacteriocins of other, more commonly-used bacteria such as Lactobacillus. FIG. three species of the genus Bacillus : Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus pumilus. Circular form, entire margin. The cell wall of Bacillus licheniformis is composed of mucopeptide, which is made up of linear chains of alternating amino sugars and short peptide chains of 3-5 amino acids. [13][15][16] Some isolates have also been found to be probiotic in humans (and are also commercially available),[13][17] but it's been mentioned that clinical trials have not been performed on many of them yet. FIG. (2) Pereira R., Martins J., Mateus C., Teixeira J. Researchers culture and isolate this protease to add it into detergents. Microbiol. (Bryan MacDonald, Christopher Adams, and Kyle Smith, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT), Figure 44: Bacillus licheniformis morphology (Enlarged view). "Bacillus Subtilis. (Bryan MacDonald, Christopher Adams, and Kyle Smith, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT), Figure 38: Streptococcus salivarius morphology (Enlarged view). Once in the gut, these spores become active and colonize. The complete nucleotide sequence of B. licheniformis is ATCC 14580 genome which forms a circular chromosome of 4,222,336 base-pairs (bp) containing 4,208 predicted protein-coding genes with size averaging at 873 bp, 7 rRNA operons, and 72 tRNA genes. Circular form, entire margin. B. pumilus contains one circular chromosome Each chromosomes having 4000 genes and 3600-3900 proteins . Bacillus licheniformis is a bacterium commonly found in the soil. 2004;5(10):R77. FIG. B. licheniformis is a Gram-positive, rod-shaped, aerobic, endospore-forming organism, which forms colonies of a moderate (2-4 mm) diameter, exceptionally variable in their appearance and often. Retrieved from https://biologydictionary.net/bacillus-subtilis/. Required fields are marked *. Reports about Bacillus licheniformis having detrimental effects on insect, avian, plant, and estuarine marine species are fortunately almost non-existent. It transfers to the gastrointestinal tracts of animals and humans via the soil. B. subtilis is most commonly singular in arrangement. FIG. Bacillus licheniformis is a rod-shaped, Gram-positive bacterium. Irregular form, lobate margin. https://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Microorganism_Bacillus_licheniformis&oldid=118532, Pages edited by students of Kristine Hollingsworth at Austin Community College. FIG. Circular form, convex elevation, entire margin. FIG. (Bobbi Pritt, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN), Figure 11: Unknown isolate morphology (Enlarged view). The isolated colonies were counted and the number of bacteria expressed as Log of Colony Forming Unit (CFU)/g of CSS. (Bryan MacDonald, Christopher Adams, and Kyle Smith, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT), Figure 17: Mycobacterium smegmatis morphology (Enlarged view). Its use as an expression vector for the production of enzymes and . 17. Cross-links between peptide chains create a crystal-lattice like structure [6]. It can cause ophthalmitis, which is the inflammation of the eye. Whitman. Laboratories use B. subtilis when studying and finding new treatments for infection. Find common criteria that are used to characterize bacterial growth; Colony shape Size of the bacterial colony Appearance of the colony surface Consistency/Texture Genome Biol. Bacillus are a genus of Gram-positive bacteria used as probiotics for animal and human consumption. B. licheniformis is used to make the antibiotic Bacitracin. 34. Pasteurella multocida cultivated on 5% sheep blood agar. (Richard A. Robison, Gable Moffitt, Neal Thomson, and Marissa Cohen, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT) Figure 21: Unknown isolate morphology (Enlarged view). This gives researchers a lot of material to work with in the race to produce a bacteriocide that pathogenic bacteria do not become resistant to. A colony is a visible mas of microorganism that originated from a single mother cell. FIG. Sibakov M: Eur J Biochem: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1986.tb09527.x: 1986 * Phylogeny: Isolation and the 5'-end nucleotide sequence of Bacillus licheniformis alpha-amylase gene. (Bryan MacDonald, Christopher Adams, and Kyle Smith, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT), Figure 18: Kurthia morphology (Enlarged view). The Research/Technology Invention Award 2006 was given to members of the BiotechGenoMik project on B. licheniformis; they invented a system for controlling industrial fermentation, which they named BioChip. Diagnosis was performed according to Gram stain, motility, shape forming, aerobic condition and other tests. 57. Irregular form, lobate margin. [13][14], B. licheniformis is used as a probiotic in animal feed, where isolates have been shown to prevent disease and promote growth as well as being commercially available. Shape A bacterial colony can manifest in various shapes which include but not limited to the following: Spiral Bacteria that are twisted or helical in shape which looks like little corkscrews. The pigment is opaque white with a dry, dull, matte surface toward the outer edge of the colony and raised rhizoid growth throughout the colony. A colony is defined as a visible mass of microorganisms all originating from a single mother cell, therefore a colony constitutes a clone of bacteria all genetically alike. Streptomyces albus cultivated on nutrient agar. (Tasha L. Sturm, Cabrillo College, Aptos, CA), Figure 47: Streak plate isolation of Micrococcus luteus on trypticase soy agar. . Weakly irregular form. Its optimal growth temperature is around 50C, though it can survive at much higher temperatures. (Bryan MacDonald, Christopher Adams, and Kyle Smith, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT), Figure 19: Mycobacterium marinum morphology (Enlarged view).