On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. A large force of engineer units was assembled for the operation: 37,000 British and Canadian engineers and pioneers, and 22,000 American engineers. London: William Kimber, 1971. 168 FMC area at Goch. Includes a chapter on the creation of the postmodern regimental system between 1945 and 1970 against the backdrop of postwar austerity and the consequent reorganization and amalgamation of many regiments. Category : British Army of the Rhine - Wikimedia [75][66] The road network was also developed, and by 23 March eleven routes were open across the Maas, of which six were in the First Canadian Army area, including the sole class 70 route (ie one capable of carrying loads of up to 70 tonnes (69 long tons)) and five in the British Second Army area. Apart from the Alpine Training Centre Hubertus Haus in Oberstdorf, which is in Bavaria, British Army Germany is entirely based in North Rhine-Westphalia. [30], A rail halt was established at Gevrey-Chambertin and bivouac areas at Montbard and Chalon-sur-Sane. A thematic study on how the British Army imagined the use of tactical nuclear weapons in land combat. [70] Of the 610 tonnes (600 long tons) of supplies and equipment dropped, 80 per cent was recovered. A broad look at the cultural attitudes of the British army and its relationship with wider society. The following 12 files are in this category, out of 12 total. An initial stockpile of 91,000 litres (20,000impgal) was supplied to the unit, followed by daily deliveries of 14,000 litres (3,000impgal) per day. It was estimated that six one-way class 40 and two one-way class 70 pile bridges would be needed. GMT Games - BAOR: MBT Expansion During the two-hour rail halt, the troops were served a hot meal and provided with sandwiches for the next one. These provided health care and bathing and delousing with DDT to prevent the spread of disease. Evolution of the organisation of the 21st Army Group line of communications, British logistics in the Western Allied invasion of Germany, Development of the line of communications, British logistics in the Western Allied Invasion of Germany, Fog Investigation and Dispersal Operation, British logistics in the Normandy campaign, British logistics in the Siegfried Line campaign, Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Force, Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers, Supply and Maintenance on the European Continent, Official History of the Canadian Army in the Second World War, XVIII Corps (Airborne), Operation the Elbe to the Baltic, 27 April 1945 to 3 May 1945, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=British_logistics_in_the_Western_Allied_invasion_of_Germany&oldid=1141771057, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 26 February 2023, at 18:30. The Oxford History of the British Army. Both were originally occupation forces in Germany, one after the First World War, and the other after the Second World War. [78] The 21st Army Group headquarters also allocated three additional general transport companies to the British Second Army. The Royal Navy formed Force U, consisting of three squadrons, each with a flotilla of twelve Landing Craft Medium (LCM), and a flotilla of twelve Landing Craft, Vehicle, Personnel (LCVP), which were transported by road across Holland and Belgium to participate. British Army of the Rhine - BAOR Locations BMH Iserlohn was housed in Argonne Barracks which was a German Calvary and Armoured Regiment building from the 1930s. Due to the proximity of Rees, the VIII Corps Troops Engineers could not work on the "London" class 40 Bailey pontoon bridge until the afternoon of 25 March, and it was opened at 23:00 on 26 March. It would also free transport to support a rapid advance. [14] With the German offensive defeated, the US First Army reverted to American command on 18 January 1945,[15] but the US Ninth Army remained part of the 21st Army Group until 4 April. Tony Lord. German railway personnel were used to man two trains a day from Celle to Bienenbuttel. After the assumption of government by civilians, it became the command formation for the troops in Germany only, rather than being responsible for administration as well. [28], The 25th Garrison assumed control of the RMA on 2 April, allowing the 5th Line of Communications Sub Area to take over the western part of North Brabant, and the 101st Beach Sub Area, which became the 21st Line of Communications Sub Area, took over the territory west of the Maas. Although the book is concerned primarily with the British armys experiences prosecuting counterinsurgency campaigns after 1945, it proves a helpful reference guide to the composition of the British army and its overseas deployments between 1945 and 1970. Since prompt clearance of the trains was essential to allow turnaround of the locomotives and rolling stock, vehicles had to be used to clear less urgently required supplies such as POL, coal and engineer stores. Includes a chapter on the activation of BAOR and its composition throughout the Cold War against the background of government defense reviews. These were manufactured locally in Brussels and fitted in Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers (REME) workshops. Army Group Royal Artillery . This led to a scaling down of the British military presence, and a restructuring of command and support structures. LT COL Served from 1974 - 2011 Served in British Army of the Rhine. Media in category "British Army of the Rhine". [31][32], The bulk petrol transport companies that distributed the fuel were reorganised, with each company now having four instead of three platoons, so eight companies were reduced to six. At this time the ration strength of the 21st Army Group was around 1.2 million, while that of the Mediterranean theatre was 1.4 million. Damaged vehicles on the east bank of the Rhine were collected at points near the river and transported back on rafts. For more information or to contact an Oxford Sales Representative click here. The 690-metre (2,250ft) class 40 and 70 steel-piled jetty bridges were built at Arnhem by the First Canadian Army engineers, and opened on 31 May, and the 440-metre (1,450ft) class 40 and class 70 timber pile bridges at Zutphen were completed on 26 May. [5], As the potential threat of Soviet invasion across the North German Plain into West Germany increased, BAOR became more responsible for the defence of West Germany than its occupation. The British Army of the Rhine was born in 1945 out of the British Liberation Army at the close of the war as the military government of the British zone of occupied Germany. Consequently, the daily pack trains that carried supplies were normally run straight through from the advanced base to the corps railheads, which were normally stocked on a commodity basis, and the roadheads supporting the First Canadian Army carried much less stock than its British Second Army counterparts. A.G.B. History of the british army of the rhine 06 09 14. Bulk demands for artillery equipment, clothing and general stores were sent periodically by the formation's R.C.O.C. [1] The General Officer Commanding UKSC(G) also functioned as head of the British Forces Liaison Organisation (Germany), which was responsible for liaising and maintaining relations with German civil authorities. RAF Germany was disbanded as a separate command in 1993 as part of the reduction of British Armed Forces presence in Europe at the cessation of the Cold War. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Whereas military considerations involved "questions of strategy, bases and force levels," the political response focused on the creation of defensive alliances. London: Bantam, 2009. As the Soviet threat increased, so BAOR became less of an occupational army and assumed the role of defender of Western Europe, and as a major contributor to NATO after . This operation to cross the northern Rhine River launched in the night of 23 Mar 1945. USA & International; 100 B.A.R. Military Identities: The Regimental System, the British Army and the British People c.18702000. Another 640 tonnes (630 long tons) was reallocated from the First Canadian Army, and .mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}7+12 platoons were made available taking the transport from an anti-aircraft brigade. 26 In a European context the first step in this process was the 1947 Anglo-French Treaty of . [92] There was an additional allocation of 5,100 tonnes (5,000 long tons) of road transport for the drive to the Baltic Sea on 26 April, and another 2,700 tonnes (2,700 long tons) was received by the end of the month. Country United Kingdom. british army of the rhine bases. reminiscing, whether colonel or corporal. . To conserve scarce manpower, the British and Canadian forces employed mechanisation and materiel to maximum effect. [14], In autumn 2019, British Forces Germany effectively closed,[15] with the last military base handed back to the German Bundeswehr in February 2020. It was decanted at Bocholt and transported by rail to No. A sweeping review of four hundred years of British army history. By this time the system consisted of 1,811 kilometres (1,125mi) of pipelines and storage tanks with a capacity of 104,770 tonnes (103,120 long tons). The high use of road transport meant that the British Second Army burned 7,600 tonnes (7,500 long tons) of petrol a day, but pipelines were laid across the Rhine at Emmerich and were in operation by the end of April. The average tonnage on the canal system rose steadily from 27,000 tonnes (27,000 long tons) in January to 35,000 tonnes (34,000 long tons) in February, 48,000 tonnes (47,000 long tons) in March and 56,000 tonnes (55,000 long tons) in April. Another petrol depot arrived from Italy in April. The aim was to re-establish patrols in these areas and flush out paramilitaries from urban bases. [6] What followed was a far more rapid advance than anticipated. British Army Germany was formed in 2020 to administer the remaining service personnel, UK Civil Servants, and dependents (family members), based in Germany. XXX Corps reverted to the control of the British Second Army on 8 March, and by 10 March the last German units had retreated across the Rhine. An allocation of 300 tonnes (300 long tons) per day was made, but owing to competing American demands, the use of aircraft to repatriate liberated American, British and Commonwealth ex-prisoners of war (PWX), and a somewhat cumbersome procedure for requesting air deliveries, the tonnage of air freight never reached this level, averaging just 145 tonnes (143 long tons) per day for the month of April. The best introduction to the regimental system of the British army. british army of the rhine bases - Tedfund.org A Mail on Sunday . The troops in the assault units were issued with 24-hour ration packs, together with a Tommy cooker and a tin containing tea, condensed milk and sugar, enabling the troops in the front line to brew a hot cup of tea. The transfer involved 102,415 troops. [41] Pepperpot tactics involved supplementing the artillery fire with that of anti-tank guns, anti-aircraft guns, mortars and machine guns. By 9 February sections of the Nijmegen-Kranenburg road were under 46 centimetres (18in) of water. A general study of the historical experiences that have shaped the British army. [95][92] To take pressure off the roads, the 21st Army Group placed an air composite platoon capable of receiving and handling up to 510 tonnes (500 long tons) per day under the Second Army's control. Following the 2010 Strategic Defence and Security Review, the permanent deployment in Germany ended in 2020. Please continue & follow him.pic.twitter.com/TU3GKnZFPU", "British Orders of Battle & TO&Es 1980-1989", "From occupiers and protectors to guests", "Osnabrck picks up the pieces after British withdrawal", "All British army bases in Germany to close by 2019 with 20,000 troops returning to UK", "Farewell to the 1st Westfalen Garrison Commander", "A Queen's birthday reception was held in Germany", "British army hands back last headquarters in Germany", "Defence review ends Iraq-sized ventures", In West Germany: Military Networks Spreading Pop, Secret squad sent in to track down IRA killers, BBC News: Army to scale down Germany troops, BBC News: From occupiers and protectors to guests, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=British_Forces_Germany&oldid=1126727293, This page was last edited on 10 December 2022, at 22:46. 10 Army Roadhead commenced on 13 April, and the first train arrived at No. No. In 1961, he received a commission into the Royal Corps of Signals, and served in the British Army of the Rhine . Fifteen minutes after the glider landings, there was a resupply mission flown by 240 Consolidated B-24 Liberator bombers from the US Eighth Air Force. Sixteen of the bombers were lost to anti-aircraft fire. Free shipping for many products! We are pleased to announce that Eureka Miniatures UK will once again be attending the hugely popular SALUTE at ExCeL, London on Saturday 22nd April 2023. The best introduction to the regimental system of the British army. British Forces Germany (BFG) was the generic name for the three services of the British Armed Forces, made up of service personnel, UK Civil Servants, and dependents (family members), based in Germany. Four trains a day passed through Gevrey-Chambertin, which handled 72,550 personnel and 4,035 trucks. Mallinson, Allan. This saved 150 vehicles, from which a seventh company was formed. British Armed Forces Special Vouchers B.A.O.R. Two pipelines were laid across the Rhine at Emmerich and were in operation by the end of April. [6] In 1967, the force was reduced in strength to 53,000 soldiers. To secure the required transportation resources, eleven general transport companies, seven artillery transport platoons, a tank transporter company, a bulk petrol transport company, a petrol depot, a bridge company and an ambulance car company were transferred from Italy. BAOR is defined as British Army Of the Rhine frequently. The armoured divisions also carried a day's worth of AFV ration packs. [80] Although working in the British Second Army area, they remained under the command of the US Ninth Army. The position gained along the Roer was then taken over by the US Ninth Army. This airborne operation was the largest of its kind during the entire war, utilizing 1,625 transports, 1,348 gliders, and 889 escort fighters to deliver over 22,000 airborne infantry into the contested territory. [55][56][57], With Antwerp in operation, some supplies were now coming directly from the United States. The XXX Corps FMC series started at 151 while the II Canadian Corps one started at 201, and the stark difference in maintenance practices between the two corps was illustrated by the fact that XXX Corps had opened three times as many FMCs in the campaign up to this point. A request for an increase in the theatre reserves from 28 to 51 days was approved by the War Office, but it was not possible to increase the stockpile of ammunition, as this was already being shipped at the maximum rate. Similar Royal Air Force Germany, Royal Electrical and Mech, British Army, Royal Military Police, Army Air Corps. During the Great War (1914-1918) approximately 900,000 men, a quarter of the whole Army. Following the war the BLA was redesignated to become the British Army of the Rhine in August . 14 Army Roadhead in the Sulingen area from No. West Germany: Commander Of British Army Of The Rhine, Sir Harry Tuzo Since the end of the Second World War, major reorganisation has resulted in the Coast Artillery being disbanded, the Anti Tank role being discontinued and the Anti . [98] By May the ration strength of the 21st Army Group had risen to 1.711 million. There were tactical, operational and political reasons for this: the best sites for a crossing of the Rhine were there;[20] a crossing in the north gave access to the North German Plain, where the terrain was good for mobile warfare, for which his Allied forces were particularly suited;[21] it offered a means of cutting off the Ruhr,[22] a major industrial region of Germany;[23] and it had the political advantage of involving the British and Canadians. BMH Iserlohn was one of several BAOR (British Army Of The Rhine) army hospitals in Germany. Moody 2020 provides the first comprehensive study of how the army intellectualized the arrival of nuclear weapons and how they might be employed in a future war. The Dumbo pipeline was extended from Boulogne to Antwerp in March. [28] Advance parties from each formation involved travelled by air from Florence, but most Operation Goldflake units moved by sea. For nearly 70 years, generations would grow up on bases with special schools, shops, housing and even their own radio station, as parts of the Rhineland became little bubbles of Britishness. british army of the rhine bases. [53], Once the battle commenced on 8 February, the main administrative task was replenishing the stocks of ammunition. [35] It would be carried out by General Harry Crerar's First Canadian Army, which was built up to a strength of 449,865 personnel through the addition of large numbers of British troops; counting civilians and prisoners of war, the army had a ration strength of 476,193. There have been two formations named British Army of the Rhine ( BAOR ). It was arranged that 40 tanks, 650 wheeled vehicles, 50 Bren gun carriers, and 3,700 personnel would disembark each day in Marseilles, where accommodation was provided for 10,000 troops in tents and 200 vehicles. A request from the 21st army Group for additional resources to support the redeployed formations was rejected by the War Office; any additional support units required had to either be drawn from the Mediterranean or supplied by the 21st Army Group. Likewise, French 2008 and Strachan 2000 have produced histories of the cultural attitudes of the British Army and how the institution relates to wider society. [37] Operation Veritable was scheduled to commence on 8 February, but the date for Operation Grenade could not be set, as it depended on the capture of dams on the Roer further south by the US First Army. The United States and the Middle East, 1945-2001, World War II in the Mediterranean and Middle East. Second Army's VIII, XII and XXX Corps drew their supplies from No. Sirs, Ladies and Gentlemen,Welcome to the website dedicated to the British Army of the Rhine, its locations, and those areas whilst not strictly within BAOR, thatwere vital to the operation of the theatre. When the flood waters subsided, it was found that the Nijmegen-Cleve road surface had been too badly damaged to use, so the II Canadian Corps and XXX Corps were forced to share the road running south of the Reichswald. Chieftain: British Army of the Rhine - BoardGameGeek British logistics in the Western Allied invasion of Germany was the support of Field Marshal Sir Bernard Montgomery's Anglo-Canadian 21st Army Group and the RAF Second Tactical Air Force operations in the Second World War from 8 January 1945 until the end of the war in Europe on 8 May 1945. [39][40], The artillery fire plan for Operation Veritable called for the widespread use of "pepperpot tactics". Temperatures were as low as 15C (5F) on 26 January, resulting in firm, frozen ground, but a subsequent thaw caused widespread flooding, and by 5 February a section of the Turnhout-Eindhoven road had become impassable even to four-wheel-drive vehicles. Due to changing operational requirements, it was ultimately decided to build only three semi-permanent class 40 bridges, at Xanten, Rees and Arnhem, and two class 70 bridges, at Rees and Arnhem. Peter Walker. [28][29] The first vehicles to arrive came with only fifty drivers, so a detachment from 141 Vehicle Park was sent to Marseilles from the RMA. To compensate for this, to minimise casualties, and to maximise the combat effectiveness of what manpower they had, the British forces relied on machines, materiel and firepower. British Army Of the Rhine Welcome Welcome to BAOR Locations. The longer shipping time meant that a working margin of 30 days' supplies was desirable instead of the one of 14 days for shipments from the United Kingdom. It was estimated that each could carry 7,000 vehicles per day under frozen conditions and 4,000 per day during a thaw. [11] To get the railway system in operation again required the reconstruction of bridges and the importation of additional locomotives. Chandler, David, and Ian Beckett, eds. Stores still required by the 21st Army Group were moved forward to the new advanced base, and the rest returned to the War Office for disposal. [1] It was established following the Second World War, the largest parts of it becoming known as the British Army of the Rhine (BAOR) and RAF Germany (RAFG). Please appreciate that the site as a whole is, and probably always will be, subject to "Work In Progress", "Page Under Construction", "Page Under Revision", etc. The class 12 Bailey bridge, known as "Sussex", took the XII Corps Troops Engineers and the Royal Navy 43 hours to erect.