The solution was measured using an Anton Paar DMA35N densitometer. For Research Use Only. 2008;28(5):64557. Calculation of MarkHouwinkSakurada (MHS) equation viscometric constants for chitosan in any solventtemperatura system using experimental reported viscometric constants data. There is a deviation from linearity after 580kDa [69, 70]. After 24h, the cumulative permeation of FITC-dextran M.W. Guner, Ali (1999). The lack of data on the uniformity of intrinsic viscosity measurements in the system water/dextran, highlights the significant influence of the solvent and temperature [74]. Teixeira CG, Fusieger A, Milio GL, Martins E, Drider D, Nero LA, de Carvalho AF. The Mark-Houwink a constant is close to 0.5 in poor solvents. GPC Symp. Advances in chemistry series Washington, DC: American Chemical Society., pp. As intrinsic viscosity of dextrans decreases with an increase in solution temperature; chain flexibility enhances with an increase in temperature (see Table 4) showing that the intrinsic viscosity of dextran (with different molecular weights Mw from 8.8 to 200kDa) decreases linearly with an temperature increase in solution, but change to high molecular weight to hyperbranched macromolecule. Journal of American Chemical Society, 76 (20), 5041-5052. 2013;3(5):3588605. Kasaai, Mohammad R. (2007). dextran hydrodynamic radius Food Sci Biotechnol. Exp Cell Res. The [] is connected to the dimensions of the biopolymer molecule isolated in a certain solvent. (2001). As well as being able to measure hydrodynamic radius in the Zetasizer (if you have access to one), it's also provided with a calculator that allows Intrinsic viscosity molecular weight relationship. WebThe Stokes radius or StokesEinstein radius of a solute is the radius of a hard sphere that diffuses at the same rate as that solute. Conducting a comparative analysis of the data shown in Table 1 can observer that parameter data Mark-Houwink a, obtained by these authors are very similar to that obtained in this work, which affirms its validity. European Biophysical Journal, 36, 85-94. Mark-Houwink values confirm that for these conditions dextrans behave as rigid spheres with a tendency at compaction as temperature increases. To improve drug permeability, micropore ablation using RF is performed by passing an alternating electrical current through the skin at a frequency higher than 100kHz. The relative browning for dextran from W. cibaria JAG8 was similar to commercial prebiotic Nutraflora P-95 and 3-fold lower than Raftilose P-95. European Polymer Journal, 36, 2143-2146. Fixable: Fixable via Lysine. Colloid and Polymer Science, 286, 1223-1231. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 72, 871-876. (2003). Analytical Chemistry. The micropores of the human cadaver skin were regenerated according to the time. Drug Deliv. Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, 60, 1650-1662. Journal of Chemical Education, 80(9), 1036-1038. Advances in Physical Chemistry, Vol. Microporation techniques for enhanced delivery of therapeutic agents. Bahary, W. S.; Hogan, M. P.; Jilani, M.; Aronson, M. P. (1995). In a good solvent, which shows a zero or negative heat of mixing with the polymer, the molecule is less-extended, and the intrinsic viscosity is high. ; Hogan, M.P. The Viscosity of Dilute Solutions of Long-Chain Molecules. Actually, everything depends on solvent you want to use and temperature. If you want to know gyration (Rg)or hydrodynamic (Rh) radius, you should Mark-Houwink-Kuhn-Sakurada Exponent at the Condition. Web54 we estimated that the hydrodynamic radii of 3-5 kDa dextran, 20 kDa dextran, and 70 kDa dextran are 2 55 nm, 5 nm, and 6 nm, respectively. Markiertes Dextran wird hufig per Mikroinjektion in die Zellen eingebracht. Biomater Res 24, 22 (2020). FITC-dextran molecular weights; 4, 10, and 20kDa molecular weight were purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA). The Transdermal diffusion cell system (DHC-6TD, LOGAN instrument, USA) was used to assess FITC-dextran permeability in vitro. The receptor chamber was filled with PBS. WebDextran produced from Weissella cibaria JAG8 was purified and characterized. Ed., 9(2), 85-90. WebThe micelles produced at pH 4.6 have a spherical shape and their size is dependent on the Maillard reaction: reaction time, molar ratio of casein to dextran, and molecular weight of dextran used. Determination of branching in biopolymers by size exclusion chromatography with light scattering (Malls), viscosity, and refractive index detection. Careers. This situation is mainly the result of using dextans, solvent, additives, etc. Granath, K. A. What is dextran? Application areas - TdB Labs AB dextran 2015;32(5):170413. ; Bos, G.W. Dextran; Weissella cibaria; exopolysaccharide; prebiotic; skimmed milk. Dilute solution properties and degree of chain branching The relation between Mw and the intrinsic viscosity is given by Mark-Houwink equation. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. pp13-21. Fractional thermolysis by bipolar radiofrequency facilitates cutaneous delivery of peptide and siRNA with minor loss of barrier function. Viscosity of Liquids. Molecular weight determination of polysaccharides. Lee WR, Shen SC, Sun CK, Aljuffali IA, Suen SY, Lin YK, Wang JJ, Fang JY. Cecopieri-Gmez, Martha L.; Palacios-Alquisira, Joaqun (2005). The skin poration was performed using the microporation device (LG electronics, Korea). Human skins (Full-thickness human skin) were supplied by HansBiomed. 2011;16(2):518. Modelling the endothelial blood-CNS barriers: a method for the Anal. The most widely applied coatings for FDA-approved SPIONs are dextran and carboxydextran. They concluded that a power law behavior seems to be approached only in the small molecular weight region. 10K, and c M.W. Transdermal drug delivery is an attractive alternative that addresses the limitations of oral and parenteral routes of drug administration; it enables controlled release and long-term systemic drug delivery through the skin, avoids hepatic first-pass effect, avoids gastrointestinal drug degradation, reduces discomfort and trauma resulting from hypodermic injections, and prevents safety hazards associated with dangerous medical waste from needles [1, 2]. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 13, 2031-2032. a-d Haematoxylin/eosin-stained histological sections of human cadaver skin sample and e quantified data using ImageJ for different time periods after microporation. The 70-kDa FITC dextran reached the jejunum after 15 min and passed the entire small intestine within 1 h after its administration, demonstrating that 4-kDa FITC Ficoll and dextran vs. globular proteins as probes for testing Kasaai, M. R.; Arul, J.; Charlet, G. (2000). In this sense, the largest deviations were obtained for the highest molecular weight (580-2000kDa with values from 0.8467 to 0.7346). Thus, it is accepted that, for every flexible-chain polymer in a (ideal) solvent, there is a universal value of 0 = 2.1-2.5x1023mol-1 [52]. ; Talsma, H.; Hennink, W.E. Learn More. The dextran has the advantage in terms of low cytotoxicity, excellent biocompatibility, and water-solubility. In addition, the permeation rate was higher in pig skin than in human skin. 2016;47:15964. Although, intrinsic viscosity is a molecular parameter that can be interpreted in terms of molecular conformation, it does not offer as high resolution on molecular structure as other methods such as Light Scattering, Circular Dichroism, Sedimentation Velocity, Sedimentation Equilibrium, Size Exclusion Chromatography Coupled to Multi-Angle Laser Light Scattering (SEC-MALLS), High-performance Size Exclusion Chromatography (HPSEC), Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC), NMR, X-rays, etc. In fact, short chains do contain minor branching points. In this study, we investigated the effectiveness of RF microporation technology in vitro, by evaluating the permeation of fluorescent-conjugated dextran (FITC-dextran) of various molecular weights through the human and pig skin after microporation, using a transdermal diffusion cell system. Chem. Manage cookies/Do not sell my data we use in the preference centre. Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. The values of 0 decreases from 2.5429 to 2.3326 x 1023mol-1 demonstrating a relative flexibility of particles. De Belder, A.N. Dextran 20K groups (n=3, *: p<0.05, **: p<0.01). Google Scholar. For 40 kDa molecules, the hydrodynamic diameter d h ~8 nm is much smaller than the collagen mesh size [33,41]. Biotechnology Progress, 19, 544-548. Radiofrequency is a well-known medical technique with expanded application in electrosurgery for laparoscopic medical procedures and in dermatology, for sebaceous glands ablation in acne treatment [12, 13], and treatment of photoaging skin symptoms, including wrinkles and hyperpigmentation [14]. Drug Deliv Syst. Webwhittier union high school district superintendent. Epub 2021 Feb 9. Takara, Andres; Acosta, Adolfo; Masuelli, Martin A. In contrast to linear chains, power law behavior is observed only asymptotically at large Mv. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. Therefore, it is suitable as model molecules with different molecular weights for transdermal drug delivery [29]. Crini, G. (2005). HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help 24h after microporation, the pore sizes reduced from 64.8817.20m (0h) to 48.854.27m (24h), and the pore depths reduced from 83.9120.56m (0h) to 63.9527.61m (24h). The Principle of the Suspended Level: Applications to the Measurement of Viscosity and Other Properties of Liquids. Webof overall macromolecular geometry and hydrodynamic draining. Similar results are obtained in references [35, 36, 37], using a system of dextran / ethylene glycol, and dextran/dimethylsulfoxide, respectively. Macromolecules, 29, 2265-2268. Deng H, Konopka CJ, Prabhu S, Sarkar S, Medina NG, Fayyaz M, Arogundade OH, Vidana Gamage HE, Shahoei SH, Nall D, Youn Y, Dobrucka IT, Audu CO, Joshi A, Melvin WJ, Gallagher KA, Selvin PR, Nelson ER, Dobrucki LW, Swanson KS, Smith AM. Armstrong, J. K.; Wenby, R. B.; Meiselman, H. J.; Fisher, T. C. (2004). Bose, A.; Rollings, J. E.; Caruthers, J. M.; Okos, M. R.; Tsao, T. G. (1982). Epub 2017 Jun 1. TEWL measurements were taken 30min after microporation of the human and pig skin. Table1 shows TEWL values measured immediately after the microporation of human and pig skins. Dextran molecular size and degree of branching as a function of sucrose concentration, pH, and temperature of reaction of. The value of kM-H in this work decreases with increasing temperature in contrast to published by reference [34] where kM-H increases. The hydrodynamic radius (Rh) of individual samples of dextran, polyvinylpyrrolidone, and polyoxyethylene over a range of molecular weights (1,500 Trop J Pharm Res. Not for use in diagnostic procedures. dextran Pamis, R.; Hernndez Cifre, J. G.; Lpez Martnez, M.C. Molecular Weight Distributions of Water-Soluble Polymers by Flow Field-Flow Fractionation. Hennink, W.E. Advances in Cosmetic Surgery. The skins were from the abdomen of a 39-year-old caucasian woman (BMI: 24). Elias, Hans-Georg (1975). Jeanes, A.; Haynes, W.C.; C. Wilham, A.; Rankin, J.C; Melvin, E.H.; Austin, M. J.; Cluskey, J. E.; Fisher, B.E. FITC-derivatives have been used for a variety of biological applications for more than 40 yeras. ; Yevlampieva N.P. In the range of working temperatures and molecular weights of dextrans, similar intrinsic viscosity results obtained by other researchers and published here are slight, as shown in tables 1 and 3. Determination of intrinsic viscosities of macromolecules and nanoparticles. The 70-kDa FITC dextran reached the jejunum after 15 min and passed the entire small intestine within 1 h after its administration, demonstrating that 4-kDa FITC dextran measured in plasma 1 h after its oral application is a marker of small intestinal permeability. The calculated dextran molecular weights are corroborated by those tabulated data by the manufacturer with a relative error lower than 10%, being the exception dextrans 580 and 2000kDa with the highest relative error. The flattening of the curves at higher molecular weight is in agreement with an increased branching density. Durand, A. and transmitted securely. We offer more than 50 fluorescent and biotinylated dextran conjugates in several molecular weight ranges. Weissella: An Emerging Bacterium with Promising Health Benefits. Molecular weight (M v) and hydrodynamic properties can be calculated from there. The cumulative permeation of FITC-dextran 10 K was 4.82 0.32 M, in the human skin and 5.92 0.46 M in the pig skin. For a given polymer-solvent pair, the theta condition is satisfied at a certain temperature, called the theta () temperature or theta point. When applied to adherent cell cultures, the APGD-t is capable of inducing temporary cell permeabilization. (2008). Nair SS. However, in vitro investigations are very few. Porcine wound models for skin substitution and burn treatment. Ther. Carbohydrate Polymers 88 1440-1444. CAS Structural and biocompatibility properties of dextran from Polysaccharides-based nanoparticles as drug delivery systems. Ghimici, Luminita; Nichifora, Marieta; Eich, Andreas; Wolf, Bernhard A. Nanoparticles in magnetic resonance imaging: from simple to dual Viscotek GmbH, Europe. These results could be attributed to the differences in the in vivo and in vitro skin nutrients supply; with in vivo studies, the skin tissue is supplied nutrients directly from the blood vessels, but the human cadaver skin is supplied from the media, therefore, the skin tissue regeneration efficiency is low [26,27,28]. Conversely, fluorescein sodium was the compound selected to model hydrophilic, low MW drugs. 2013 May;64(3):346-54. doi: 10.3109/09637486.2012.734289. Furthermore, the influence of temperature on the intrinsic viscosity is given by the chain flexibility parameter (dln[]/dT), which gives information about the conformation of the macromolecule chain in solution [62]. Hi Sir Alexander Malm , Thank you very much! Really appreciate your help! He, L.; Niemeyer, B. For a values from 0-0.5 a rigid sphere is predicted in a ideal solvent, from 0.5-0.8 a random coil in good solvent, and from 0.8-2 a rigid or rod like shape is expected (stiff chain). Aqueous solutions of amphiphilic polysaccharides: Concentration and temperature effect on viscosity. Formation of dextran hydrogels by crystallization. Dynamics of a Polymer Solution in a Rigid Matriz. Figure3 shows a magnified image of human cadaver skin with microchannels formed by the microporation device (250kHz) and the skin closure over time. Dear Sir. Alan F Rawle , Can you help me in calculating the size of dextran 4 (molecular weight= 4000) and dextran 10 (molecular weight 10,000)? Th Im Tiefkhlgert (-5 bis -30C) lagern und vor Licht schtzen. Critical parameters for gel permeation Ubbelohde, Leo. European Polymer Journal, 37, 619-622. Drug deliv. The regeneration of micropores in the human cadaver skin caused by microporation was confirmed using an optical microscope and haematoxylin/eosin (H&E) staining. Human cadaver skin has been confirmed as alive skin tissue through analysis of its morphology and enzymes, and its usefulness as an alternative skin membrane in drug permeation experiments has been verified [20]. 4h after microporation, the sizes of the micropore decreased slightly. Strategies to improve the potential of transdermal devices by enhancing the skin permeation of therapeutic entities. Fluorescent dextran Here we have the hydrodynamic radius estimate for the 3kDa dextran and 1.5 kDa dextran by the Zetasizer calculator, thanks to Alan. Alan F Rawle, t Experimental Review on Intrinsic Viscosity Measurements and Temperature Effect.". Transdermal delivery of FITC-Dextrans with different molecular weights using radiofrequency microporation, https://doi.org/10.1186/s40824-020-00201-7, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/. Biophysical Journal, 27, 177-181. dextran hydrodynamic radius ; Veldhuis, T.F.J. Colloid Polym. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 42, 133-137. Determination of polymer structure by Gel Permeation Chromatography. Naik A, Kalia YN, Guy RH.
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